Английский язык СГАК 2016 (Смиловичи) — 4 вариант

Вариант 4

1. Прочитайте текст и письменно переведите 1,3-ий абзацы.
. KINDS OF CASES
As a juror, you may sit on a criminal case, a civil case, or both. Civil cases are usually disputes between or among private citizens, corporations, governments, government agencies, and other organisations. Most often, the party bringing the suit is asking for money damages for some wrong that has been done. For example, a tenant may sue a landlord for failure to fix a leaky roof, or a landlord may sue a tenant for failure to pay rent. People who have been injured may sue a person or a company they feel is responsible for the injury.
The party bringing the suit is called the plaintiff; the party being sued is called the defendant There may be many plaintiffs or many defendants in the same case,
The plaintiff starts the lawsuit by filing a paper called a complaint, in which the case against the defendant is stated. The next paper filed is usually the answer, in which the defendant disputes what the plaintiff has said in the complaint. The defendant may also feel that there has been a wrong committed by the plaintiff, in which case a counterclaim will be filed along with the answer. It is up to the plaintiff to prove the case against the defendant. In each civil case the judge tells the jury the extent to which the plaintiff must prove the case. This is called the plaintiff’s burden of proof, a burden that the plaintiff must meet in order to win. In most civil cases the plaintiffs burden is to prove the case by a preponderance of evidence, that is, that the plaintiff’s version of what happened in the case is more probably true than not true.
Jury verdicts do not need to be unanimous in civil cases. Only ten jurors need to agree upon a verdict if there are 12 jurors: five must agree if there are six jurors.
A criminal case is brought by the state or by a city or county against a person or persons accused of having committed a crime. The state, city, or county is called the plaintiff; the accused person is called the defendant. The charge against the defendant is called an information or a complaint. The defendant has pleaded not guilty and you should presume the defendant’s innocencc throughout the entire trial unless the plaintiff proves the defendant guilty. The plaintiff’s burden of proof is greater in a criminal case than in a civil case. In each criminal case you hear the judge will tell you all the elements of the crime that the plaintiff must prove; the plaintiff must prove each of these elements beyond reasonable doubt before the defendant can be found guilty.

2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты для следующих слов и выражений:
1. заявление об обвинении
2. элемент (состава) преступления
3. презумпция невиновности
4. показания (2) истец
6. судебное разбирательство (3)
7. частные лица
8. денежная компенсация ущерба
9. единогласное решение присяжных
10. наличие более веских доказательств

3. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What is a civil case?
2. Who is a -plaintiff?
3. Who is a defendant? ‘
4. What is a counterclaim?

4. Запишите следующие предложения в косвенной речи.
1. «I have been in London for a month but so far I haven’t had time to visit the Tower», said Rupert.
2. . «Bill should do very well at the university, Mrs Smith», said the headmaster, «He’s done very well here».
3. «What was she wearing when you saw her last?» the policeman asked me.
4.»Remember to switch off when you’ve finished», he said.

5. Составьте и запишите 8 типов вопросов (общий, специальный, альтернативный, разделительный (2), вопрос к подлежащему, косвенный (2)) к выделенному предложению в тексте.

6. Составьте предложения, расположив слова в нужном порядке.
1. better/spend/no/is/seaside/holiday/than/to/place/at/your/there/the.
2. you/myself/I/to/it/makes/think/what/not/be/able/do/will/that?
3. dress/first/she/an/worn/evening/it/had/time/ever/was/the.

7. Образуйте производное слово, подходящее по смыслу предложения.
1. I’ll never forget your——————- kind
2. One can_________ lose his way in this forest. easy
3. The weather in May here is very——————- to change
4. TV____________are sometimes very silly. toadvertise

8. Переведите на английский язык слова, данные в скобках.
1. I have already (сделал)_______my choice of the future profession.
2. (Ни)_______Monday (ни)___Tuesday will be a good day for the meeting.
3. Last year I wrote (меньше)_________dictations than this year.
4. He was (намного)_________luckier at the exam than any of us.
5. Some people are clever and hard-working; (другие)_________are clever but don’t do much work.
6. Can’t you (сказать)_________the difference between them?

9. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. a) I was the last to enter in the building.
b) I was the last to enter to the building.
c) I was the last to enter the building.
2. a) He sounded angry when I phoned him.
b) He sounded angrily when I phoned him.
c) He was sounding angry when I phoned him.

10. Напишите подходящие по смыслу фразы-стимулы к данным ответам.
1. —____________________ —That’sallright.
2. ——————————— — Thesametoyou.

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